📖 مسرد المصطلحات
شرح مبسط لكل مصطلح في جداول المواصفات — من AMOLED إلى التخفيض الحراري.
AMOLED
Active-Matrix Organic LED: each pixel emits its own light, giving true blacks, vibrant colors and better battery life than LCD. Premium phones since 2015 are almost all AMOLED.
OLED
Organic Light-Emitting Diode display technology. Like AMOLED, pixels light up individually so black pixels consume almost no power.
IPS LCD
In-Plane Switching LCD: a backlit liquid-crystal panel. Cheaper to produce and historically brighter outdoors, but blacks are gray and battery drain is higher.
LTPO
Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Oxide backplane that lets a display vary its refresh rate from 1Hz to 120Hz, saving significant battery on static content.
Refresh Rate
How many times per second the screen redraws, measured in Hz. 60Hz is standard, 90–120Hz makes scrolling visibly smoother, 144Hz+ is aimed at gamers.
PPI (Pixels Per Inch)
Pixel density: how many pixels fit in one inch of screen. Above ~450 PPI the human eye struggles to distinguish individual pixels at normal distance.
Chipset / SoC
The phone's 'brain': CPU, GPU, modem and AI accelerator on one chip (Snapdragon, Dimensity, A-series, Tensor). It determines speed, gaming and efficiency.
AnTuTu Benchmark
The most popular mobile benchmark. It tests CPU, GPU, memory and UX and returns one overall score. Flagships of 2024–2025 reach 2–2.7 million points.
Geekbench 6
A cross-platform benchmark with two scores: single-core (app responsiveness) and multi-core (heavy tasks like video export).
GPU
Graphics Processing Unit: renders games, video effects and the interface. Adreno (Qualcomm), Mali/Immortalis (MediaTek) and Apple GPU are the main families.
CPU
Central Processing Unit. Phone CPUs use big.LITTLE layouts: fast performance cores for heavy tasks plus efficient cores for background work.
RAM
Random Access Memory: temporary working space for apps. 6–8GB is comfortable in 2025; less means more app reloads, more means better multitasking.
UFS Storage
Universal Flash Storage — the SSD-like storage standard. UFS 3.1/4.0 is several times faster than the old eMMC found on very cheap phones.
microSD / Expandable Storage
A memory card slot that adds storage. Increasingly rare on flagships but still common on budget phones.
eSIM
A SIM profile stored in the phone's chip instead of a plastic card. Lets you switch carriers without swapping hardware.
5G
Fifth-generation cellular: much faster data, lower latency. Sub-6GHz is mainstream; mmWave is limited to dense US cities.
NFC
Near-Field Communication: short-range wireless used for contactless payments (Google Wallet, Apple Pay), transit cards and quick pairing.
IP Rating
Ingress Protection score. IP54 = splash resistant; IP67 = 1m of fresh water for 30 minutes; IP68 = beyond 1m (manufacturer defines depth).
Gorilla Glass
Corning's chemically strengthened cover glass. Victus and Armor generations add drop and scratch resistance; Armor 2 also cuts reflections.
Fast Charging
High-wattage charging (25W–240W). Heat management matters: good chargers slow down after 50–80% to protect the battery.
Wireless Charging
Charging via Qi electromagnetic induction (5–50W). Slower than cable but convenient; reverse wireless can top up earbuds from the phone.
mAh (milliamp-hour)
Battery capacity unit. 4500–5000mAh is the 2025 norm; combined with an efficient chipset it decides real battery life more than the raw number alone.
OIS (Optical Stabilization)
A floating lens element counteracts hand shake for sharper photos and steadier video, especially in low light.
EIS (Electronic Stabilization)
Software stabilization that crops and shifts frames to smooth video. Often combined with OIS.
Ultrawide Camera
A secondary camera with 120°+ field of view for landscapes, architecture and macro shots.
Telephoto / Periscope Zoom
Optical zoom camera (2x–10x). Periscope designs bend light sideways inside the body to reach 5x+ magnification without a big bump.
Megapixel
One million pixels; the resolution of a photo. Sensor size and processing matter more than the megapixel count alone.
Aperture (f-number)
How wide the lens opens (f/1.4–f/2.2 typical). Lower numbers gather more light = brighter, faster low-light shots.
HDR
High Dynamic Range blends several exposures so bright skies and dark shadows keep detail. Displays with HDR10+ support richer video.
Night Mode
Computational long-exposure photography that brightens dark scenes and suppresses noise without flash.
Screen-On Time
Hours of active display use per charge — the fairest battery metric. Modern flagships deliver 6–10h SOT.
USB-C
The reversible oval connector used by almost every phone. Speeds vary: USB 2.0 (480Mbps) on cheap models up to USB 3.2/Thunderbolt on flagships.
Dual SIM
Two SIM slots (or SIM + eSIM) to combine personal and work numbers or use local data abroad.
Bluetooth Codecs
Audio compression standards over Bluetooth: SBC (basic), AAC (Apple), aptX/LDAC (hi-res). Better codecs = higher wireless sound quality.
Throttling
Automatic performance reduction when the chip gets hot, protecting hardware at the cost of frame rate in long gaming sessions.